A circular maze puzzle visualization featuring concentric rings connected by radial passages. Unlike rectangular mazes, this design creates a unique solving experience where the player navigates inward through ring-shaped corridors. The maze has an entry point on the outer edge and a goal at the center, with algorithmically generated walls ensuring exactly one solvable path.
""" anyplot.ai
maze-circular: Circular Maze Puzzle
Library: bokeh 3.9.0 | Python 3.13.13
Quality: 89/100 | Updated: 2026-05-20
"""
import os
import time
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
from bokeh.io import output_file, save
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, HoverTool, Label
from bokeh.plotting import figure
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
# Theme tokens
THEME = os.getenv("ANYPLOT_THEME", "light")
PAGE_BG = "#FAF8F1" if THEME == "light" else "#1A1A17"
INK = "#1A1A17" if THEME == "light" else "#F0EFE8"
INK_SOFT = "#4A4A44" if THEME == "light" else "#B8B7B0"
# Maze parameters — difficulty controls ring count
np.random.seed(42)
difficulty = "medium" # easy=5 rings, medium=7 rings, hard=9 rings
rings_map = {"easy": 5, "medium": 7, "hard": 9}
rings = rings_map[difficulty]
base_sectors = [8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40]
sectors_per_ring = base_sectors[:rings]
wall_color = INK
wall_width = 5
entry_color = "#009E73" # Okabe-Ito position 1 (brand green)
goal_color = "#AE3030" # Okabe-Ito position 5 (orange)
# Build maze cells: (ring, sector) -> {visited, walls}
cells = {}
for r in range(rings):
n_sec = sectors_per_ring[r]
for s in range(n_sec):
cells[(r, s)] = {"visited": False, "walls": {"inner": True, "outer": True, "cw": True, "ccw": True}}
# Iterative recursive backtracking — neighbors computed inline, no helper functions
stack = [(0, 0)]
cells[(0, 0)]["visited"] = True
while stack:
ring, sector = stack[-1]
n_sec = sectors_per_ring[ring]
# Same-ring neighbors (clockwise and counter-clockwise)
neighbors = [((ring, (sector - 1) % n_sec), "ccw", "cw"), ((ring, (sector + 1) % n_sec), "cw", "ccw")]
# Inner ring neighbor
if ring > 0:
inner_n = sectors_per_ring[ring - 1]
neighbors.append(((ring - 1, int(sector * inner_n / n_sec)), "inner", "outer"))
# Outer ring neighbor
if ring < rings - 1:
outer_n = sectors_per_ring[ring + 1]
neighbors.append(((ring + 1, int(sector * outer_n / n_sec)), "outer", "inner"))
unvisited = [(n, w, ow) for n, w, ow in neighbors if n in cells and not cells[n]["visited"]]
if unvisited:
next_cell, wall_to_remove, opp_wall = unvisited[np.random.randint(len(unvisited))]
cells[(ring, sector)]["walls"][wall_to_remove] = False
cells[next_cell]["walls"][opp_wall] = False
cells[next_cell]["visited"] = True
stack.append(next_cell)
else:
stack.pop()
# Open entry gap on outermost ring
entry_sector = 0
cells[(rings - 1, entry_sector)]["walls"]["outer"] = False
# Figure — 2400×2400 square canvas for circular maze
p = figure(
width=2400,
height=2400,
title="maze-circular · python · bokeh · anyplot.ai",
x_range=(-1.20, 1.20),
y_range=(-1.20, 1.20),
background_fill_color=PAGE_BG,
border_fill_color=PAGE_BG,
toolbar_location=None,
match_aspect=True,
min_border_bottom=60,
min_border_left=60,
min_border_top=130,
min_border_right=60,
)
# Hide axes, grid, and figure outline
p.axis.visible = False
p.grid.visible = False
p.outline_line_color = None
# Title
p.title.text_font_size = "50pt"
p.title.text_font_style = "bold"
p.title.align = "center"
p.title.text_color = INK
# Ring radii from center hub to outer boundary
ring_radii = np.linspace(0.12, 0.95, rings + 1)
# Draw maze walls: outer arc and radial (cw side only avoids double-drawing)
for r in range(rings):
n_sec = sectors_per_ring[r]
sector_angle = 2 * np.pi / n_sec
inner_radius = ring_radii[r]
outer_radius = ring_radii[r + 1]
for s in range(n_sec):
start_angle = s * sector_angle
end_angle = (s + 1) * sector_angle
if cells[(r, s)]["walls"]["outer"]:
arc_pts = np.linspace(start_angle, end_angle, 50)
p.line(
outer_radius * np.cos(arc_pts),
outer_radius * np.sin(arc_pts),
line_width=wall_width,
line_color=wall_color,
)
if cells[(r, s)]["walls"]["cw"]:
p.line(
[inner_radius * np.cos(end_angle), outer_radius * np.cos(end_angle)],
[inner_radius * np.sin(end_angle), outer_radius * np.sin(end_angle)],
line_width=wall_width,
line_color=wall_color,
)
# Outer boundary circle with entry gap
outer_r = ring_radii[-1]
outer_n = sectors_per_ring[-1]
entry_start_angle = entry_sector * (2 * np.pi / outer_n)
entry_end_angle = (entry_sector + 1) * (2 * np.pi / outer_n)
boundary_pts = np.linspace(entry_end_angle, entry_start_angle + 2 * np.pi, 360)
p.line(outer_r * np.cos(boundary_pts), outer_r * np.sin(boundary_pts), line_width=wall_width + 4, line_color=wall_color)
# Inner boundary (central hub)
theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 120)
p.line(ring_radii[0] * np.cos(theta), ring_radii[0] * np.sin(theta), line_width=wall_width, line_color=wall_color)
# Center goal circle — ColumnDataSource enables HoverTool tooltip
goal_r = ring_radii[0] * 0.65
goal_source = ColumnDataSource(
data={
"xs": [list(goal_r * np.cos(theta))],
"ys": [list(goal_r * np.sin(theta))],
"label": ["GOAL — navigate here to win!"],
}
)
goal_renderer = p.patches(
xs="xs", ys="ys", fill_color=goal_color, line_color=wall_color, line_width=3, source=goal_source
)
goal_hover = HoverTool(renderers=[goal_renderer], tooltips=[("", "@label")])
p.add_tools(goal_hover)
p.add_layout(
Label(x=0, y=-0.01, text="★", text_font_size="28pt", text_align="center", text_baseline="middle", text_color=INK)
)
# Entry triangle marker — ColumnDataSource enables HoverTool tooltip
entry_angle = (entry_start_angle + entry_end_angle) / 2
entry_x = 1.04 * np.cos(entry_angle)
entry_y = 1.04 * np.sin(entry_angle)
entry_source = ColumnDataSource(
data={
"x": [entry_x],
"y": [entry_y],
"angle": [entry_angle - np.pi / 2],
"label": ["START — begin your journey here!"],
}
)
entry_renderer = p.scatter(
x="x",
y="y",
marker="triangle",
size=30,
fill_color=entry_color,
line_color=wall_color,
angle="angle",
source=entry_source,
)
entry_hover = HoverTool(renderers=[entry_renderer], tooltips=[("", "@label")])
p.add_tools(entry_hover)
p.add_layout(
Label(
x=entry_x * 1.09,
y=entry_y * 1.09,
text="START",
text_font_size="28pt",
text_align="center",
text_baseline="middle",
text_color=entry_color,
text_font_style="bold",
)
)
# Difficulty annotation below the maze
p.add_layout(
Label(
x=0,
y=-1.12,
text=f"{rings} rings · {difficulty}",
text_font_size="24pt",
text_align="center",
text_baseline="middle",
text_color=INK_SOFT,
text_font_style="italic",
)
)
# Save HTML catalog artifact
output_file(f"plot-{THEME}.html", title="Circular Maze Puzzle")
save(p)
# Screenshot via headless Chrome (Selenium — export_png not available in CI)
W, H = 2400, 2400
opts = Options()
for arg in (
"--headless=new",
"--no-sandbox",
"--disable-dev-shm-usage",
"--disable-gpu",
f"--window-size={W},{H}",
"--hide-scrollbars",
):
opts.add_argument(arg)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=opts)
driver.set_window_size(W, H)
driver.get(f"file://{Path(f'plot-{THEME}.html').resolve()}")
# Force page background to match PAGE_BG — prevents thin lighter border in dark theme screenshots
driver.execute_script(
f"document.documentElement.style.background='{PAGE_BG}';document.body.style.background='{PAGE_BG}';"
)
time.sleep(3)
driver.save_screenshot(f"plot-{THEME}.png")
driver.quit()
Part of Circular Maze Puzzle on anyplot.ai.