A periodic table of the elements rendered in its canonical layout — 18 groups across by 7 periods down, with the lanthanide and actinide series detached as two separate rows below — where each element tile is colored by a continuous property such as electronegativity, atomic radius, melting point, or first ionization energy. A colorbar maps tile color to property value, and every tile carries the element symbol and atomic number, optionally with the numeric property value. This visualization fuses an immediately recognizable fixed grid with heatmap encoding, turning a familiar reference chart into a tool for spotting periodic trends at a glance.
""" anyplot.ai
heatmap-periodic-table: Periodic Table Property Heatmap
Library: plotnine 0.15.7 | Python 3.13.13
Quality: 87/100 | Created: 2026-06-15
"""
import os
import sys
sys.path = [p for p in sys.path if os.path.abspath(p) != os.getcwd()]
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
from plotnine import (
aes,
coord_fixed,
element_rect,
element_text,
geom_text,
geom_tile,
ggplot,
guide_colorbar,
labs,
scale_color_identity,
scale_fill_gradient,
scale_y_reverse,
theme,
theme_void,
)
THEME = os.getenv("ANYPLOT_THEME", "light")
PAGE_BG = "#FAF8F1" if THEME == "light" else "#1A1A17"
ELEVATED_BG = "#FFFDF6" if THEME == "light" else "#242420"
INK = "#1A1A17" if THEME == "light" else "#F0EFE8"
INK_SOFT = "#4A4A44" if THEME == "light" else "#B8B7B0"
NA_TILE = "#E0DFD8" if THEME == "light" else "#2C2C28"
# fmt: off
# (symbol, atomic_num, group, display_row, pauling_electronegativity)
# display_row: 1–7 for main periods, 8.5 = lanthanides, 9.5 = actinides
elements = [
# Period 1
("H", 1, 1, 1.0, 2.20), ("He", 2, 18, 1.0, None),
# Period 2
("Li", 3, 1, 2.0, 0.98), ("Be", 4, 2, 2.0, 1.57),
("B", 5, 13, 2.0, 2.04), ("C", 6, 14, 2.0, 2.55),
("N", 7, 15, 2.0, 3.04), ("O", 8, 16, 2.0, 3.44),
("F", 9, 17, 2.0, 3.98), ("Ne", 10, 18, 2.0, None),
# Period 3
("Na", 11, 1, 3.0, 0.93), ("Mg", 12, 2, 3.0, 1.31),
("Al", 13, 13, 3.0, 1.61), ("Si", 14, 14, 3.0, 1.90),
("P", 15, 15, 3.0, 2.19), ("S", 16, 16, 3.0, 2.58),
("Cl", 17, 17, 3.0, 3.16), ("Ar", 18, 18, 3.0, None),
# Period 4
("K", 19, 1, 4.0, 0.82), ("Ca", 20, 2, 4.0, 1.00),
("Sc", 21, 3, 4.0, 1.36), ("Ti", 22, 4, 4.0, 1.54),
("V", 23, 5, 4.0, 1.63), ("Cr", 24, 6, 4.0, 1.66),
("Mn", 25, 7, 4.0, 1.55), ("Fe", 26, 8, 4.0, 1.83),
("Co", 27, 9, 4.0, 1.88), ("Ni", 28, 10, 4.0, 1.91),
("Cu", 29, 11, 4.0, 1.90), ("Zn", 30, 12, 4.0, 1.65),
("Ga", 31, 13, 4.0, 1.81), ("Ge", 32, 14, 4.0, 2.01),
("As", 33, 15, 4.0, 2.18), ("Se", 34, 16, 4.0, 2.55),
("Br", 35, 17, 4.0, 2.96), ("Kr", 36, 18, 4.0, 3.00),
# Period 5
("Rb", 37, 1, 5.0, 0.82), ("Sr", 38, 2, 5.0, 0.95),
("Y", 39, 3, 5.0, 1.22), ("Zr", 40, 4, 5.0, 1.33),
("Nb", 41, 5, 5.0, 1.60), ("Mo", 42, 6, 5.0, 2.16),
("Tc", 43, 7, 5.0, 1.90), ("Ru", 44, 8, 5.0, 2.20),
("Rh", 45, 9, 5.0, 2.28), ("Pd", 46, 10, 5.0, 2.20),
("Ag", 47, 11, 5.0, 1.93), ("Cd", 48, 12, 5.0, 1.69),
("In", 49, 13, 5.0, 1.78), ("Sn", 50, 14, 5.0, 1.96),
("Sb", 51, 15, 5.0, 2.05), ("Te", 52, 16, 5.0, 2.10),
("I", 53, 17, 5.0, 2.66), ("Xe", 54, 18, 5.0, 2.60),
# Period 6 (group 3 placeholder for lanthanide block)
("Cs", 55, 1, 6.0, 0.79), ("Ba", 56, 2, 6.0, 0.89),
("*", 0, 3, 6.0, None),
("Hf", 72, 4, 6.0, 1.30), ("Ta", 73, 5, 6.0, 1.50),
("W", 74, 6, 6.0, 2.36), ("Re", 75, 7, 6.0, 1.90),
("Os", 76, 8, 6.0, 2.20), ("Ir", 77, 9, 6.0, 2.20),
("Pt", 78, 10, 6.0, 2.28), ("Au", 79, 11, 6.0, 2.54),
("Hg", 80, 12, 6.0, 2.00), ("Tl", 81, 13, 6.0, 1.62),
("Pb", 82, 14, 6.0, 2.33), ("Bi", 83, 15, 6.0, 2.02),
("Po", 84, 16, 6.0, 2.00), ("At", 85, 17, 6.0, 2.20),
("Rn", 86, 18, 6.0, None),
# Period 7 (group 3 placeholder for actinide block)
("Fr", 87, 1, 7.0, 0.70), ("Ra", 88, 2, 7.0, 0.90),
("*", 0, 3, 7.0, None),
("Rf",104, 4, 7.0, None), ("Db",105, 5, 7.0, None),
("Sg",106, 6, 7.0, None), ("Bh",107, 7, 7.0, None),
("Hs",108, 8, 7.0, None), ("Mt",109, 9, 7.0, None),
("Ds",110, 10, 7.0, None), ("Rg",111, 11, 7.0, None),
("Cn",112, 12, 7.0, None), ("Nh",113, 13, 7.0, None),
("Fl",114, 14, 7.0, None), ("Mc",115, 15, 7.0, None),
("Lv",116, 16, 7.0, None), ("Ts",117, 17, 7.0, None),
("Og",118, 18, 7.0, None),
# Lanthanides (detached row 8.5)
("La", 57, 3, 8.5, 1.10), ("Ce", 58, 4, 8.5, 1.12),
("Pr", 59, 5, 8.5, 1.13), ("Nd", 60, 6, 8.5, 1.14),
("Pm", 61, 7, 8.5, 1.13), ("Sm", 62, 8, 8.5, 1.17),
("Eu", 63, 9, 8.5, 1.20), ("Gd", 64, 10, 8.5, 1.20),
("Tb", 65, 11, 8.5, 1.10), ("Dy", 66, 12, 8.5, 1.22),
("Ho", 67, 13, 8.5, 1.23), ("Er", 68, 14, 8.5, 1.24),
("Tm", 69, 15, 8.5, 1.25), ("Yb", 70, 16, 8.5, 1.10),
("Lu", 71, 17, 8.5, 1.27),
# Actinides (detached row 9.5)
("Ac", 89, 3, 9.5, 1.10), ("Th", 90, 4, 9.5, 1.30),
("Pa", 91, 5, 9.5, 1.50), ("U", 92, 6, 9.5, 1.38),
("Np", 93, 7, 9.5, 1.36), ("Pu", 94, 8, 9.5, 1.28),
("Am", 95, 9, 9.5, 1.30), ("Cm", 96, 10, 9.5, 1.30),
("Bk", 97, 11, 9.5, 1.30), ("Cf", 98, 12, 9.5, 1.30),
("Es", 99, 13, 9.5, 1.30), ("Fm",100, 14, 9.5, 1.30),
("Md",101, 15, 9.5, 1.30), ("No",102, 16, 9.5, 1.30),
("Lr",103, 17, 9.5, None),
]
# fmt: on
df = pd.DataFrame(elements, columns=["symbol", "atomic_num", "group", "row", "en"])
# Group number labels (1-18, above main table — row=0.3 appears above row=1.0 with scale_y_reverse)
df_groups = pd.DataFrame({"group": list(range(1, 19)), "row": [0.3] * 18, "label": [str(g) for g in range(1, 19)]})
# Period number labels (1-7, left of main table — group=0.2 is left of group=1 tiles)
df_periods = pd.DataFrame(
{"group": [0.2] * 7, "row": [float(p) for p in range(1, 8)], "label": [str(p) for p in range(1, 8)]}
)
# Text color: computed from tile luminance so labels stay legible on colored tiles
cmap_seq = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("imprint_seq", ["#009E73", "#4467A3"])
en_min, en_max = df["en"].min(), df["en"].max()
en_normed = (df["en"].fillna(en_min) - en_min) / (en_max - en_min)
rgba = cmap_seq(en_normed.values)
lum = 0.2126 * rgba[:, 0] + 0.7152 * rgba[:, 1] + 0.0722 * rgba[:, 2]
df["text_color"] = np.where(df["en"].isna(), INK_SOFT, np.where(lum > 0.38, "#1A1A17", "#F0EFE8"))
df["label_num"] = np.where(df["atomic_num"] > 0, df["atomic_num"].astype(str), "")
df["en_str"] = ["" if pd.isna(v) else f"{v:.2f}" for v in df["en"]]
title = "heatmap-periodic-table · python · plotnine · anyplot.ai"
n = len(title)
title_size = max(8, round(12 * 67 / n))
plot = (
ggplot(df, aes(x="group", y="row"))
+ geom_tile(aes(fill="en"), width=0.92, height=0.92)
# Element symbol — centre of each tile
+ geom_text(aes(label="symbol", color="text_color"), size=2.6, fontweight="bold", va="center", ha="center")
# Atomic number — top-left corner
+ geom_text(
aes(label="label_num", color="text_color"), size=1.7, nudge_x=-0.36, nudge_y=-0.28, va="center", ha="left"
)
# Pauling EN value — bottom centre
+ geom_text(aes(label="en_str", color="text_color"), size=1.5, nudge_y=0.27, va="center", ha="center")
# Group numbers (1-18) above the table
+ geom_text(
data=df_groups,
mapping=aes(x="group", y="row", label="label"),
color=INK_SOFT,
size=1.5,
ha="center",
va="center",
inherit_aes=False,
)
# Period numbers (1-7) to the left of the table
+ geom_text(
data=df_periods,
mapping=aes(x="group", y="row", label="label"),
color=INK_SOFT,
size=1.5,
ha="center",
va="center",
inherit_aes=False,
)
+ scale_fill_gradient(
low="#009E73", high="#4467A3", na_value=NA_TILE, name="Pauling\nElectronegativity", guide=guide_colorbar()
)
+ scale_color_identity(guide=None)
+ scale_y_reverse()
+ coord_fixed(ratio=1)
+ labs(title=title)
+ theme_void()
+ theme(
figure_size=(8, 4.5),
plot_background=element_rect(fill=PAGE_BG, color=PAGE_BG),
panel_background=element_rect(fill=PAGE_BG),
plot_title=element_text(color=INK, size=title_size, ha="center"),
legend_background=element_rect(fill=ELEVATED_BG, color=INK_SOFT, size=0.3),
legend_text=element_text(color=INK_SOFT, size=6),
legend_title=element_text(color=INK, size=8),
legend_position="right",
plot_margin=0.05,
)
)
plot.save(f"plot-{THEME}.png", dpi=400, width=8, height=4.5, units="in")
Part of Periodic Table Property Heatmap on anyplot.ai.