A periodic table of the elements rendered in its canonical layout — 18 groups across by 7 periods down, with the lanthanide and actinide series detached as two separate rows below — where each element tile is colored by a continuous property such as electronegativity, atomic radius, melting point, or first ionization energy. A colorbar maps tile color to property value, and every tile carries the element symbol and atomic number, optionally with the numeric property value. This visualization fuses an immediately recognizable fixed grid with heatmap encoding, turning a familiar reference chart into a tool for spotting periodic trends at a glance.
#' anyplot.ai
#' heatmap-periodic-table: Periodic Table Property Heatmap
#' Library: ggplot2 3.5.1 | R 4.4.1
#' Quality: 88/100 | Created: 2026-06-15
library(ggplot2)
library(ragg)
# --- Theme tokens -----------------------------------------------------------
THEME <- Sys.getenv("ANYPLOT_THEME", "light")
PAGE_BG <- if (THEME == "light") "#FAF8F1" else "#1A1A17"
ELEVATED_BG <- if (THEME == "light") "#FFFDF6" else "#242420"
INK <- if (THEME == "light") "#1A1A17" else "#F0EFE8"
INK_SOFT <- if (THEME == "light") "#4A4A44" else "#B8B7B0"
INK_MUTED <- if (THEME == "light") "#6B6A63" else "#A8A79F"
TILE_EMPTY <- if (THEME == "light") "#CCC9C1" else "#3A3A37"
# Imprint sequential colormap: low EN (alkali metals) → high EN (halogens/O)
COL_LOW <- "#009E73" # Imprint position 1 — brand green
COL_HIGH <- "#4467A3" # Imprint position 3 — blue
# --- Element data -----------------------------------------------------------
# 118 elements: atomic number, symbol, period, group, Pauling electronegativity
# f-block (La-Lu, Ac-Lr) listed with period/group matching canonical placement;
# display coordinates will reposition them below the main grid.
elements <- data.frame(
an = c(
# Period 1
1L, 2L,
# Period 2
3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L,
# Period 3
11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L,
# Period 4
19L, 20L, 21L, 22L, 23L, 24L, 25L, 26L, 27L, 28L, 29L, 30L,
31L, 32L, 33L, 34L, 35L, 36L,
# Period 5
37L, 38L, 39L, 40L, 41L, 42L, 43L, 44L, 45L, 46L, 47L, 48L,
49L, 50L, 51L, 52L, 53L, 54L,
# Period 6 main — Cs,Ba then Hf-Rn (La pulled to f-block row)
55L, 56L, 72L, 73L, 74L, 75L, 76L, 77L, 78L, 79L, 80L,
81L, 82L, 83L, 84L, 85L, 86L,
# Period 7 main — Fr,Ra then Rf-Og (Ac pulled to f-block row)
87L, 88L, 104L, 105L, 106L, 107L, 108L, 109L, 110L, 111L, 112L,
113L, 114L, 115L, 116L, 117L, 118L,
# Lanthanides (La-Lu, 57-71)
57L, 58L, 59L, 60L, 61L, 62L, 63L, 64L, 65L, 66L, 67L, 68L, 69L, 70L, 71L,
# Actinides (Ac-Lr, 89-103)
89L, 90L, 91L, 92L, 93L, 94L, 95L, 96L, 97L, 98L, 99L, 100L, 101L, 102L, 103L
),
symbol = c(
"H", "He",
"Li", "Be", "B", "C", "N", "O", "F", "Ne",
"Na", "Mg", "Al", "Si", "P", "S", "Cl", "Ar",
"K", "Ca", "Sc", "Ti", "V", "Cr", "Mn", "Fe", "Co", "Ni", "Cu", "Zn",
"Ga", "Ge", "As", "Se", "Br", "Kr",
"Rb", "Sr", "Y", "Zr", "Nb", "Mo", "Tc", "Ru", "Rh", "Pd", "Ag", "Cd",
"In", "Sn", "Sb", "Te", "I", "Xe",
"Cs", "Ba", "Hf", "Ta", "W", "Re", "Os", "Ir", "Pt", "Au", "Hg",
"Tl", "Pb", "Bi", "Po", "At", "Rn",
"Fr", "Ra", "Rf", "Db", "Sg", "Bh", "Hs", "Mt", "Ds", "Rg", "Cn",
"Nh", "Fl", "Mc", "Lv", "Ts", "Og",
"La", "Ce", "Pr", "Nd", "Pm", "Sm", "Eu", "Gd", "Tb", "Dy", "Ho", "Er", "Tm", "Yb", "Lu",
"Ac", "Th", "Pa", "U", "Np", "Pu", "Am", "Cm", "Bk", "Cf", "Es", "Fm", "Md", "No", "Lr"
),
period = c(
1L, 1L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L,
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L,
6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L,
7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L,
6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L,
7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L
),
grp = c(
1L, 18L,
1L, 2L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L,
1L, 2L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L,
1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L,
1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L,
1L, 2L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L,
1L, 2L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L,
3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L,
3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L
),
en = c(
# Period 1
2.20, NA_real_,
# Period 2
0.98, 1.57, 2.04, 2.55, 3.04, 3.44, 3.98, NA_real_,
# Period 3
0.93, 1.31, 1.61, 1.90, 2.19, 2.58, 3.16, NA_real_,
# Period 4
0.82, 1.00, 1.36, 1.54, 1.63, 1.66, 1.55, 1.83, 1.88, 1.91, 1.90, 1.65,
1.81, 2.01, 2.18, 2.55, 2.96, 3.00,
# Period 5
0.82, 0.95, 1.22, 1.33, 1.60, 2.16, 1.90, 2.20, 2.28, 2.20, 1.93, 1.69,
1.78, 1.96, 2.05, 2.10, 2.66, 2.60,
# Period 6 main (Cs,Ba,Hf-Rn)
0.79, 0.89, 1.30, 1.50, 2.36, 1.90, 2.20, 2.20, 2.28, 2.54, 2.00,
1.62, 2.33, 2.02, 2.00, 2.20, NA_real_,
# Period 7 main (Fr,Ra,Rf-Og — most unknown)
0.70, 0.90, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_, NA_real_,
NA_real_, NA_real_,
# Lanthanides (La-Lu)
1.10, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, NA_real_, 1.17, NA_real_, 1.20, NA_real_,
1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, NA_real_, 1.27,
# Actinides (Ac-Lr)
1.10, 1.30, 1.50, 1.38, 1.36, 1.28, 1.13, 1.28, 1.30, 1.30, 1.30,
1.30, 1.30, 1.30, NA_real_
),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# --- Display coordinates ----------------------------------------------------
# y = -period so period 1 appears at top; f-block rows pushed below with gap
elements$dx <- as.numeric(elements$grp)
elements$dy <- -as.numeric(elements$period)
# Reposition lanthanides (57-71) to y = -8.5
elements$dy[elements$an >= 57L & elements$an <= 71L] <- -8.5
# Reposition actinides (89-103) to y = -9.5
elements$dy[elements$an >= 89L & elements$an <= 103L] <- -9.5
# Placeholder tiles at (period 6, group 3) and (period 7, group 3) for La*/Ac*
placeholders <- data.frame(
an = NA_integer_, symbol = c("†", "‡"),
period = c(6L, 7L), grp = c(3L, 3L), en = NA_real_,
dx = c(3, 3), dy = c(-6, -7),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
elements <- rbind(elements, placeholders)
# Text color: near-white on gradient tiles, muted on empty/unknown tiles
elements$txt_col <- ifelse(is.na(elements$en), INK_MUTED, "#F0EFE8")
# --- Plot -------------------------------------------------------------------
title_str <- "heatmap-periodic-table · r · ggplot2 · anyplot.ai"
p <- ggplot(elements, aes(x = dx, y = dy)) +
# Element family block regions (s / d / p / f) — subtle tinted backgrounds
# that group related elements and showcase ggplot2 layer composition
annotate("rect", xmin = 0.5, xmax = 2.5, ymin = -7.5, ymax = -0.5,
fill = "#BD8233", alpha = 0.10, color = NA) +
annotate("rect", xmin = 2.5, xmax = 12.5, ymin = -7.5, ymax = -3.5,
fill = "#2ABCCD", alpha = 0.08, color = NA) +
annotate("rect", xmin = 12.5, xmax = 18.5, ymin = -7.5, ymax = -0.5,
fill = "#C475FD", alpha = 0.08, color = NA) +
annotate("rect", xmin = 2.5, xmax = 17.5, ymin = -9.0, ymax = -8.0,
fill = "#C475FD", alpha = 0.10, color = NA) +
annotate("rect", xmin = 2.5, xmax = 17.5, ymin = -10.0, ymax = -9.0,
fill = "#C475FD", alpha = 0.10, color = NA) +
# Base tiles (NA values get TILE_EMPTY fill via na.value)
geom_tile(aes(fill = en), width = 0.90, height = 0.90,
color = PAGE_BG, linewidth = 0.4) +
# Element symbols — centered in tile
geom_text(aes(label = symbol, color = txt_col),
size = 2.2, fontface = "bold", vjust = 0.4) +
# Atomic numbers — top-left corner of tile (skip placeholders with NA an)
geom_text(
data = subset(elements, !is.na(an)),
aes(x = dx - 0.37, y = dy + 0.30, label = an, color = txt_col),
size = 1.2, hjust = 0, vjust = 1
) +
# EN value label — bottom of tile (only for elements with known values)
geom_text(
data = subset(elements, !is.na(en)),
aes(x = dx, y = dy - 0.27, label = sprintf("%.2f", en)),
color = "#F0EFE8", size = 1.0, vjust = 0
) +
# Imprint sequential colormap for continuous EN data
scale_fill_gradient(
low = COL_LOW,
high = COL_HIGH,
na.value = TILE_EMPTY,
name = "Electronegativity (Pauling scale)",
limits = c(0.7, 4.0),
breaks = c(1, 2, 3, 4),
labels = c("1.0", "2.0", "3.0", "4.0"),
guide = guide_colorbar(
title.position = "top",
barwidth = unit(10, "cm"),
barheight = unit(0.35, "cm"),
label.theme = element_text(size = 7, color = INK_SOFT),
title.theme = element_text(size = 8, color = INK)
)
) +
scale_color_identity() +
scale_x_continuous(
name = "Group",
breaks = 1:18,
labels = as.character(1:18),
expand = c(0.015, 0.015)
) +
scale_y_continuous(
name = "Period",
breaks = c(-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8.5, -9.5),
labels = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "Ln", "An"),
expand = c(0.04, 0.04)
) +
labs(title = title_str) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 8) +
theme(
plot.background = element_rect(fill = PAGE_BG, color = PAGE_BG),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = PAGE_BG, color = NA),
panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.border = element_blank(),
axis.title.x = element_text(color = INK, size = 9),
axis.title.y = element_text(color = INK, size = 9),
axis.text.x = element_text(color = INK_SOFT, size = 7),
axis.text.y = element_text(color = INK_SOFT, size = 7),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
plot.title = element_text(color = INK, size = 12, face = "bold",
margin = margin(b = 8)),
plot.margin = margin(t = 10, r = 10, b = 10, l = 10),
legend.background = element_rect(fill = ELEVATED_BG, color = NA),
legend.text = element_text(color = INK_SOFT, size = 7),
legend.title = element_text(color = INK, size = 8),
legend.position = "bottom",
legend.direction = "horizontal",
legend.margin = margin(t = 4)
)
# --- Save -------------------------------------------------------------------
ggsave(
filename = sprintf("plot-%s.png", THEME),
plot = p,
device = ragg::agg_png,
width = 8,
height = 4.5,
units = "in",
dpi = 400
)
Part of Periodic Table Property Heatmap on anyplot.ai.